With routers such as TPlink Deco BE85 offering SFP+ ports, does it make sense to connect these routers directly to Lumin X1 via fiber without the use of a switch or FMC?
In my experience, yes, it is preferable to connect these devices via fiber rather than copper Ethernet (using a switch). This because fiber doesn't transmit low- and high-source leakage current (usually from the SMPS that power Ethernet switches), which causes threshold jitter and results in timing errors.
Per your question regarding connections, AFAIK, you should be able to connect the SFP+ port on the TPlink Deco BE85 directly to an X1 via LC/LC optical fiber. This will still require two FMCs (Fiber Media Convertors), though: one for the "upstream" SFP cage (that would plug into the Deco Be85), and one for the "downstream" SFP cage of the Lumin the X1.
So far, I've found that the Planet Tech TL-40 LC/LC SFP optical transceivers (ref:
MGB-TL40 Mini GBIC Single Mode Module, DDM Supported - 40KM provide the best audio performance. These are "single-mode" FMCs, which require the use of single-mode fiber, such as the Corning ClearCurve 9/125 fiber Peter referenced above.
Also, "designed for audio use" Ethernet switches that also have an SFP cages, e.g. the UpTone Audio EtherREGEN, or the SOtM Ethernet switch, or "designed for audio" optical transceivers, e.g. Sonore's OpticalModule Deluxe, in my experience, sound a LOT better than "generic" FMCs (e.g. the el-cheapo TPLink "generic" ones). One reason is they have much better word clocks in them.
Here's my Planet Tech TL-40 FMC plugged into the SFP cage on EtherREGEN, which is the "upstream FMC."
The Ethernet cable on the right RJ45 port of ER above runs over and connects to the back panel of Alita (my Akasa-cased NUC Roon Core); you can see part of Alita with its RJ45 cable in the lower right of this photo...
The overall fiber network connection from ER and Alita in the RSR (remote server room) over to my Lumin P1 in the main audio rack is shown in this diagram.
Hope this helps, cheers.