How much power is "enough"?

Err not really ,:)


Both speakers have the same sensitivity @1W, the 8 ohm speaker is more efficient.


I Also disagree with the notion of higher impedance being better , as this will only apply to toob amplifiers and mostly OTL 's , because SS amps will produce less power into the higher impedance by 1/2 resulting in more distortion from clipping.

So if I were building OTL's I would want a 16- 32 ohm speaker , more power , less distortion , A Big ballsy SS amp , I would want a low-Z speaker for big power/ current swings ..




No secret there ....
 
I did say you can see it in the specs and its true. Just look at the 4 ohm distortion specs of any amplifier and you will see that it is higher than the 8 ohm distortion. You might say- that distortion is negligible and on paper that is the case. But our ears use the harmonics thus generated as loudness cues and also translate them into tonality. This is part of the reason that solid state amps have a reputation for being bright. 'Bright' is indeed a coloration, and just as profound if not moreso than the 2nd harmonic for which tube amps are often docked.

Its true that I make OTLs. But they work fine on 8 ohm speakers. Our biggest OTL can make over 500 watts into 4 ohms or less. But its a simple fact that any amplifier will make less distortion into a higher impedance, no matter how many smilie faces you try to put on it to say it ain't so. Just look at the specs and you will see.

Anytime I see the specs and the listening observations corroborate, I call that real.

Regarding the speaker comment I think you have a misunderstanding. If you have a speaker that is 90 db 1 watt/1 meter and 8 ohms, it is the same efficiency as a speaker that is 93 db and 4 ohms. Now it might be that the latter uses two woofers just like the one in the former; in such a case its efficiency is unchanged by the addition of the second woofer, but the sensitivity does change. This is in keeping with Kirchoff's Law.
 
Yes Ralph ,



Of course all SS amps will have higher distortion at 1 ohm than at 8 ohm , and ..? How much distortion to make it sound bad ..? If .0001 @8 and .01@1ohm will it sound bad ...

Will 200 watts @8ohm with .0001%thd sound better than 1600 watts@1 with .01%thd .? My experience has shown bigger power from the low impedance , especially due to multiple drivers is the best compromise ....

Big power and lower thd from the speakers ...


Anytime I see the specs and the listening observations corroborate, I call that real.

:)
 
I guess I don't see the irony.

The ear places a lot of emphasis on certain distortions and seems to not care so much about others. In a nutshell that is why there are still tube amps some 55 years after being declared 'obsolete'.

Our amps make between 0.5 and about 1% THD at full power, depending on setup (I was very pleased recently to see one of our earliest amps do about 2% in independent testing; the amp in question was built 25 years ago, was in stock condition and did not have the benefit of any of the distortion-reducing updates of our later amps). The primary harmonic component is the 3rd. IM distortion is in the same neighborhood as a good solid state amp. That is not bad considering the use of zero feedback.

When you are talking about a mere 3 db increase in power, 4 ohms seems a poor compromise due to the increased distortion (which manifests as brightness and harshness). Now if you are talking about a PA where sound pressure is the goal I have no argument, but if you are talking about high end audio, where the goal is to sound as real as possible, it seems a bad move to introduce a coloration solely for the sake of an extra 3 db, given how sensitive the ear is to the distortions that result (which is to say that the ear is more sensitive to higher ordered distortions than just about anything else).

I get the multiple driver thing (the less excursion, hopefully less distortion). I'm not saying that you can't have multiple drivers- they can work quite successfully in series rather than parallel. The idea that the amp has less control over them in series is actually a myth.
 
Regarding the speaker comment I think you have a misunderstanding. If you have a speaker that is 90 db 1 watt/1 meter and 8 ohms, it is the same efficiency as a speaker that is 93 db and 4 ohms. Now it might be that the latter uses two woofers just like the one in the former; in such a case its efficiency is unchanged by the addition of the second woofer, but the sensitivity does change. This is in keeping with Kirchoff's Law.


I don't think so ....


Have a misunderstanding that is , it is as you say , if you fix the numbers as you have , that is not what was being discussed, we have two speakers @90db/2.83v/m one 8 one 4 ohm, the 8 ohm version has a higher efficiency at .6%.


manufacturers specs are about sensitivity , efficiency is expressed in percentages , this is what is being discussed ...


regards
 
I guess I don't see the irony.

The ear places a lot of emphasis on certain distortions and seems to not care so much about others. In a nutshell that is why there are still tube amps some 55 years after being declared 'obsolete'.

Our amps make between 0.5 and about 1% THD at full power, depending on setup (I was very pleased recently to see one of our earliest amps do about 2% in independent testing; the amp in question was built 25 years ago, was in stock condition and did not have the benefit of any of the distortion-reducing updates of our later amps). The primary harmonic component is the 3rd. IM distortion is in the same neighborhood as a good solid state amp. That is not bad considering the use of zero feedback.

When you are talking about a mere 3 db increase in power, 4 ohms seems a poor compromise due to the increased distortion (which manifests as brightness and harshness). Now if you are talking about a PA where sound pressure is the goal I have no argument, but if you are talking about high end audio, where the goal is to sound as real as possible, it seems a bad move to introduce a coloration solely for the sake of an extra 3 db, given how sensitive the ear is to the distortions that result (which is to say that the ear is more sensitive to higher ordered distortions than just about anything else).

I get the multiple driver thing (the less excursion, hopefully less distortion). I'm not saying that you can't have multiple drivers- they can work quite successfully in series rather than parallel. The idea that the amp has less control over them in series is actually a myth.

No Ralph ,

There are still toob amps around today because people like them, the same reason why people own SS amps , more so than toobs , they like them too...

But, we digress ... :)

I see where you are trying to steer this , the same hi-z /otl straw-man conversation we have had for years. 4ohms don't manifest itself as brightness and harshness no more than 8 ohm tends to sound dead and cloudy, a bad amp is just that...

The irony is you think 2%thd @8ohm is good and .01% @2 ohm , bad, when in fact the only reason why you crave high -z loads is due to the high output impedance of your amplifiers, it works for you , nothing more...


Anyway ,

What toob amp are you using to drive your cutter .... ?
 
What I do suspect you really like Ralph , is the sound of your amplifier when clipping , that euphoric 2%, well unless using the bad boy 500 watt version, I guess you could build a big Un speaker system for it by going series/parallel ... :)


You should bring that one (500 watter) out more often, it must be a beast ...
 
To paraphrase Mr. Pass, if the first watt isn't great....why bother with the remaining 19,999?
 
I don't think so ....

Have a misunderstanding that is , it is as you say , if you fix the numbers as you have , that is not what was being discussed, we have two speakers @90db/2.83v/m one 8 one 4 ohm, the 8 ohm version has a higher efficiency at .6%.

manufacturers specs are about sensitivity , efficiency is expressed in percentages , this is what is being discussed ...

regards

We are supposed to be nice here.. but seriously: Efficiency is expressed in db. In your example, the 8 ohm speaker will be found to be 3 db more efficient. Do the math: 2.83 volts into 4 ohms is double the amplifier power. The 4 ohm load is getting 2 watts instead of one. The 8 ohm speaker needs only 1 watt to do the same thing. The 4 ohm speaker's efficiency is thus 87db. I think many audiophiles are dismayed when they discover that the speaker's ability to be driven by an amplifier is padded in this fashion.


No Ralph ,

There are still toob amps around today because people like them, the same reason why people own SS amps , more so than toobs , they like them too...

But, we digress ... :)

I see where you are trying to steer this , the same hi-z /otl straw-man conversation we have had for years. 4ohms don't manifest itself as brightness and harshness no more than 8 ohm tends to sound dead and cloudy, a bad amp is just that...

The irony is you think 2%thd @8ohm is good and .01% @2 ohm , bad, when in fact the only reason why you crave high -z loads is due to the high output impedance of your amplifiers, it works for you , nothing more...

Anyway ,

What toob amp are you using to drive your cutter .... ?

Higher impedance works for any amplifier. I have a class D amplifier with which we have been experimenting. The 4 ohm distortion curves are obviously showing a greater amount of distortion. Sure enough when you compare operation between 4 and 8 ohm speakers, it sounds smoother on 8 ohms. This is true of any solid state amp. You might be able to weld with it, but the amp is made for making music- why stress it out in the slightest?? You want the amp to have an easy time so it makes as little distortion as possible.

You seem to be missing my point about what sort of distortions the ear cares about and those that it does not. The ear uses higher ordered harmonics to calculate how loud a sound is; it is more sensitive to higher ordered (especially odd ordered) harmonics than anything else: it is more sensitive to them than most distortion analyzers! That is why we can often hear things in amps that don't show up on the bench. This is why transistor amps often sound bright, even when on the bench they are perfectly flat. The ear translates distortion into tonality.

Since higher orders (5th and beyond) are not present in most tube amps they way they are in solid state, the result is that the tube amps sound smoother. So this is very relevant to the discussion as tube amplifiers often have a greater percentage of usable power (this being the range of power available before the system becomes unpleasant due to distortion, even though the amp is not clipping). When higher orders of odd harmonics are the primary distortion component, even in trace amounts it can render the system unpleasant long before clipping. This is why tube amplifiers are still around (although you don't have to know anything technical in this regard, all you have to know is economics: the market has spoken in the face of nay-sayers). The implication for solid state is to keep the load impedance up so the amp will sound as smooth and detailed as possible.

We have used a variety of amplifiers tube and solid state to drive our cutter head. It only takes a few watts before destruction, so we have been successful cutting tracks with 10-watts SETs. The issue with any cutting system is that the amplifier must have plenty of overhead such that distortion is minimized so cutter amps are often 10x more power than they would ever need. The issue is such that with many push-pull amps, the area in which the cutter operates is at such a low level that the distortion of the amplifier is actually higher than if a little more power were to be used. This is why we have been experimenting with SETs and our amplifiers (which are push-pull) since both have a distortion character that decreases linearly to unmeasurable as power is decreased. This is ideal for the LP, which so far is king when it comes to low level detail; any distortion will of course obscure detail via the ear's masking principle.

Incidently the Westerex 3D cutterhead is a power paradigm device so this works quite well with our gear, see
Voltage and Power Paradigms

What I do suspect you really like Ralph , is the sound of your amplifier when clipping , that euphoric 2%, well unless using the bad boy 500 watt version, I guess you could build a big Un speaker system for it by going series/parallel ... :)

You should bring that one (500 watter) out more often, it must be a beast ...

Actually you are entirely incorrect with this assumption. I like to run the amps with plenty of headroom just like you do (BTW that 2% figure is from a 25-year-old amp and current models have much lower distortion as pointed out earlier) and so tend to use speakers that are higher efficiency. My speakers at home are 98 db 1 watt/1 meter and go from 20Hz to 35Khz. I like to use our MA-1s (140 watts) on them as it is impossible to clip the amps in my room.
 
All things being equal, the more power the better. And it has little to do with dynamic range but the system's overall sense of ease. There is something going on when amplifiers are just cruising along.
 
Efficiency can but is not, like speed and velocity , anyway Go no further, this tells me all i need to know, .... :rolleyes:


Happy days ..........

Most loudspeaker manufacturers specify efficiency expressed as number of db 1 watt/1 meter rather than as a percentage.

But overall efficiency is what you are talking about. Seems hardly worthwhile to roll your eyes with the emoticon over something so trivial. I wonder if we are simply having a semantic problem. Here is a useful page:

Efficiency and sensitivity conversion - loudspeaker percent and dB per watt and meter loudspeaker efficiency versus sensitivity vs speaker sensitivity 1 watt = 2,83 volt box chart - sengpielaudio Sengpiel Berlin
 
Spin away Ralphie , Posting a conversion table :mock:Irony noted.



.:)


I do remember past spinning debates , let me see ,

1. There was the one on current vs voltage, yep you sure spun that one for current ,(atma - amps) poor old mr constant voltage was out.( mostly everyone else)

2. Then as we are now, best speakers are high -Z ones , you know , the ones which work well with high output impedance amps , like , And guessing now , OTL's ..!

I guess others like Magico, focal and WA sound bad on OTL's because of that low-z ...

Bad speakers , bad, bad, bad ..


3. Last but not least , VCID , still waiting for the data on that one promised by both you and Duke. I was never able to measure that myself, since most domestic speakers rarely see more than 3 -5 watts rms.


Expecting Duke about now ........ :hide:


Peace
 
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