Sure they can, otherwise you wouldn't hear the "direction of instruments" playing back what the microphones captured. This is a very fundamental part of "stereo" that stereophiles seem to know little about.
The fact is, microphones captured all soundwaves you heard in a recording, unless it's post processed, added distortions, electronic effects, etc,etc.
Similarly, microphones can capture soundwaves reproduced by your speakers, with those added distortions/effects/etc.
It's that simple. Now, humans interpreting what is what is another story.
But that doesn't mean captured, then reproduced soundwaves can't be measured, as always claimed. Nor does it mean that it must be the soundwaves that need to be wild goose chased, rather than measuring the person making the claim, which is not an electro-acoustic measurement at all.
For some. But that isn't evidence for the "unmeasurable" either, just a means and method.
According to whom? That sounds absolute, rather than anything subjective.
No examples of that exist, other than old tropes about Crown amps or something equally silly. There are overwhelming examples of the exact opposite, poor measuring sounds "bad" to those who trust ears/just listen. Zero examples of the opposite.
That fact is, soundwaves can be measured, humans reacting to light/sound/memory/belief/etc/etc....not so much.
Two different things entirely, no need for them to be conflated, or in conflict.
cheers,
AJ