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February 6, 2020, 09:14 PM #1
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Symptoms / consequences of pairing an amp with too low of a speaker impedance?
Professional audio reviews are fond of pointing out how low impedance speakers (or ones that have a low dip combined with a high phase angle) need a "robust" amplifier. I'm curious what the sonic outcome of a poor pairing is? Is it always audible, or only when pushing the volume to higher levels?
As a not terribly theoretical example, my Focal Sopra 3's were measured by Stereophile's JA at 2.75 ohms at 96 hz, despite being nominally called an 8 ohm speaker. Some Wilsons (for example) dip lower, and some electrostatics are known to be all but a short circuit. When you pair speakers like this with a nominal 4-ohm amp, what happens? My own personal amp, the ATI AT542NC, claims to be happy with just about any load, but it's a bridged Class D design, which means the amp sees half the speaker impedance - in my case only ~1.4 ohms. I haven't heard anything I would describe as bad behavior from the speakers, so maybe the amp's power supply is robust enough to handle things after all, or maybe I just don't listen loud enough?
What's the science behind this, and what are the symptoms of a poor pairing?Jeff
Main System
Streamer/Server: Aurender N100H; Disc Player: Oppo UDP-205; DAC: Topping D90SE; Preamp: Wyred 4 Sound STP-SE Stage 2; Power Amp: ATI AT542NC; Speakers: Focal Sopra No. 3; Cables: Wireworld, Kimber, Cullin; Power: Ansuz Mainz8 X-TC, PS Audio Dectet, Furutech outlets
Basement Media Room
Streamer/Server: Aurender N100SC; Disc Player: Panasonic DB-UP9000; Surround Pre/Pro: Monoprice Monolith HTP-1; Power Amps: Apollon NC1200SL (custom 3-channel w/Sparkos SS2590 op amps), Apollon AS3600 6-channel; Speakers: Focal Kanta No. 3, Kanta Center, 300 ICW8 (x6); Subwoofer: Rythmik F18SE (x2); Cables: Wireworld, BlueJeans; Power: Torus RM20, Furman Elite 20PFi; Room Correction: Dirac Live w/ Bass Control; Video: Sony 77" A9G OLED
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February 6, 2020, 10:20 PM #2
Re: Symptoms / consequences of pairing an amp with too low of a speaker impedance?
These articles may help:
A New Way to Plot Speaker Impedance: the Smith Chart
If the speaker impedance gets too low, the amplifier might not be able to deliver enough current, and will clip. If the speaker impedance is very high, the amplifier might not be able to provide enough voltage gain to play loud enough.
The phase angle determines how much the current will lead or lag the voltage waveform in a reactive circuit. In an inductive circuit, the current will lag behind the voltage, and you’ll get a positive phase angle. In a capacitive circuit, the current will lead the voltage, leading to a negative phase angle. The phase angle will resultantly determine how much apparent power the speaker will see.Neko Audio
Authorized Dealer: AC Infinity, APC, Audeze, Bryston, Devialet, Elite HTS, Fortress Seating, JMF Audio, JVC, Kaleidescape, LG, LUMIN, Magico, Ortofon, RME, Samsung, Soulution, STAX, Trinnov, Vivid Audio, Weiss & more.
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February 8, 2020, 02:37 PM #3
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Re: Symptoms / consequences of pairing an amp with too low of a speaker impedance?
So basically it's a situation that manifests as clipping? Ok, that's easier to understand than I was thinking it would be. The articles you linked help too (I knew those engineering degrees would come in handy one day!).
Jeff
Main System
Streamer/Server: Aurender N100H; Disc Player: Oppo UDP-205; DAC: Topping D90SE; Preamp: Wyred 4 Sound STP-SE Stage 2; Power Amp: ATI AT542NC; Speakers: Focal Sopra No. 3; Cables: Wireworld, Kimber, Cullin; Power: Ansuz Mainz8 X-TC, PS Audio Dectet, Furutech outlets
Basement Media Room
Streamer/Server: Aurender N100SC; Disc Player: Panasonic DB-UP9000; Surround Pre/Pro: Monoprice Monolith HTP-1; Power Amps: Apollon NC1200SL (custom 3-channel w/Sparkos SS2590 op amps), Apollon AS3600 6-channel; Speakers: Focal Kanta No. 3, Kanta Center, 300 ICW8 (x6); Subwoofer: Rythmik F18SE (x2); Cables: Wireworld, BlueJeans; Power: Torus RM20, Furman Elite 20PFi; Room Correction: Dirac Live w/ Bass Control; Video: Sony 77" A9G OLED
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February 9, 2020, 01:29 PM #4
Re: Symptoms / consequences of pairing an amp with too low of a speaker impedance?
Neko Audio
Authorized Dealer: AC Infinity, APC, Audeze, Bryston, Devialet, Elite HTS, Fortress Seating, JMF Audio, JVC, Kaleidescape, LG, LUMIN, Magico, Ortofon, RME, Samsung, Soulution, STAX, Trinnov, Vivid Audio, Weiss & more.
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March 9, 2020, 02:22 PM #5
Re: Symptoms / consequences of pairing an amp with too low of a speaker impedance?
Any amplifier driving a lower impedance tends to have higher distortion. You can see this in the specs, and you you can hear it as the increased distortion tends to be higher ordered harmonics, to which the ear is keenly sensitive (as it uses them to gauge sound pressure). Since the ear also interprets distortion as a tonality, the amp will also sound harsher and brighter.
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